Regional, Sectoral Innovation Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
Today, knowledge economies are a key asset for global competitiveness. Biotechnology is a knowledge-driven sector because it consists of knowledge working on knowledge to create value, decoding in genomics and proteomics being paradigmatic knowledge-based economic activity. Like many other new economy industries such as information and communications technology, new media, and advanced finance, firms cluster in proximity to knowledge sources. In the case of biotechnology, universities are key magnets. But to transfer science from the laboratory bench to the market involves complex, interactive chains of transactions among scientists, entrepreneurs, and various intermediaries. Chief among the latter are investors and lawyers. Proximity to such services and, in biotechnology, research hospitals for clinical trials creates an innovation system. This is best analyzed regionally and locally. This article anatomizes the functioning of regional sectoral innovation systems in Germany, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Cambridge, U.K.
منابع مشابه
Firms navigating through innovation spaces: a conceptualization of how firms search and perceive technological, market and productive opportunities globally
The main contribution of this paper is a theory-based conceptual framework of innovation spaces, and how firms must navigate through them to innovate. The concept of innovation systems - at the regional, sectoral and national levels - have been highly influential. Previous literature developing the concept of innovation systems has stressed the importance of institutions, networks and knowledge...
متن کاملStructural Change and Economic Dynamics 10 (1999) 277–320
This paper explores patterns of transformation of socialist S&T systems into postsocialist systems of innovation and their determinants. First, we reinterpret the socialist period from a systems of innovation perspective by revisiting the socialist S&T system and by pointing to its general features as well as to its national and sectoral variations. Second, we develop a conceptual model to help...
متن کاملThe Co-evolution of Sectors and National Institutional Set-ups
It has been shown that over a 20 year period of time the OECD countries have converged in terms of their aggregate technological effort, but this trend covers diverging patterns of sectoral innovative activities even for the countries at the forefront of the " convergence club " (Archibugi and Pianta 1994). This evidence supports the relevance of the National Systems of Innovation (NSI) perspec...
متن کاملRegional Policies, Key Levers of Regional Innovation Dynamics
Regions tend to become the relevant space for the analysis of public funding of innovation, as emphasised by numerous recent works. However, it is still to be demonstrated that the regional level is really the right spatial scaling for implementing innovation public policies. The aim of this paper is to provide a series of analytical and empirical elements that could help clarify this issue. Th...
متن کاملFrom sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems : Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory
In the last decade ‘sectoral systems of innovation’ have emerged as a new approach in innovation studies. This article makes four contributions to the approach by addressing some open issues. The first contribution is to explicitly incorporate the user side in the analysis. Hence, the unit of analysis is widened from sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems. The second contribu...
متن کامل